Effective Critical Electric Field for Runaway-Electron Generation
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Effective critical electric field for runaway-electron generation.
In this Letter we investigate factors that influence the effective critical electric field for runaway-electron generation in plasmas. We present numerical solutions of the kinetic equation and discuss the implications for the threshold electric field. We show that the effective electric field necessary for significant runaway-electron formation often is higher than previously calculated due to...
متن کاملCriteria for Runaway Electron Generation in Tokamak Disruptions
Experimental observations show that there is a magnetic field threshold for runaway electron generation in tokamak disruptions. A possible explanation for these observations is that the runaway beam excites whistler waves that scatter the electrons in velocity space and prevents the beam from growing. The growth rates of the most unstable whistler waves are inversely proportional to the magneti...
متن کاملEffect of Cell Size and Shape on Electric Field Threshold and Critical Transmembrane Voltage for Electroporation
Introduction: Electroporation is a technique for increasing the permeability of the cell membrane to otherwise non-permeate molecules due to an external electric field. This permeability enhancement is detectable if the induced transmembrane voltage becomes greater than a critical value which depends on the pulse strength threshold. In this study, the variabil...
متن کاملRunaway electron generation during plasma shutdown by killer pellet injection
Tokamak discharges are sometimes terminated by disruptions that may cause large mechanical and thermal loads on the vessel. To mitigate disruption-induced problems it has been proposed that “killer” pellets could be injected into the plasma in order to safely terminate the discharge. Killer pellets enhance radiative energy loss and thereby lead to rapid cooling and shutdown of the discharge. Bu...
متن کاملDirac Electron in the Electric Dipole Field
Dirac equation for the finite dipole potential is solved by the method of the join of the asymptotics. The formulas for the near continuum state energy term of a relativistic electron-dipole system are obtained analytically. Two cases are considered: Z < 137 and Z > 137 Dirac equation for Z > 137 is solved by usual method of cut-off potential at small distances.
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Physical Review Letters
سال: 2015
ISSN: 0031-9007,1079-7114
DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.115002